A survey on energy efficient routing techniques in wireless. These are the most popular algorithms in hierarchical clustering routing in wireless sensor networks. Proactive and reactive hierarchical routing protocols. Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks wsns. Wireless sensor networks comprises of small size sensor nodes with sensing, computation and wireless communications capability. Part of the communications in computer and information science book series. In this article we first discuss several challenging factors and issues that affects the wsns routing protocol design. It all rest on the applications desires that which parameter is more favourite. Routing protocol of wireless sensor network research is the key problem, according to network topology, routing protocols can be divided into flat and. Routing in wireless sensor networks network routing.
Wang, an efficient key management scheme in hierarchical wireless sensor networks, in proceedings of the international conference on computing, communication and security, icccs 2015, pp. We will first discuss the operations of these protocols in short, and then we will highlight the advantages and drawbacks of each one of them. Wireless sensor networks wsns can be defined as a selfconfigured and infrastructureless wireless networks to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location or sink where the data can be observed and analysed. Hierarchical based routing is a cluster based routing in which high energy nodes are randomly selected for processing and. Hierarchical geographic multicast routing for wireless sensor. A two level detection of routing layer attacks in hierarchical wireless sensor networks using learning based energy prediction. Secure hierarchical routing protocol shrp for wireless sensor network. Oct 26, 2009 additionally, the paper includes the efforts carried out by spanish universities on developing optimization techniques in the area of routing protocols for wireless sensor networks, focusing on our contribution. Hierarchical routing in wireless sensor networks wsns is a very important topic that has been attracting the research community in the last decade.
Wireless sensor networks wsn, routing protocols, energy efficiency, cluster head. Wireless sensor networks are being employed in a variety applications ra ing from medical to military, and from home to industry. The principle aim of this book is to provide a reference tool for the increasing number of scientists who depend upon sensor networks in some way. This paper presents a study on the various clusterbased routing protocols and their performance in simple wireless network in terms of routing and energy issues related to it. Several hierarchical routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks in the last few years 8, 11,12,14,15,16,17,18,19. Based on the network topology in which the wsn routing takes place, the routing protocol can be classified as flat, hierarchical, location based, or direct. The large wireless sensor networks are often structured hierarchically by grouping nodes into different domains in order to deal with the scaling problem. Sensors free fulltext energyefficient fuzzylogicbased. These protocols are divided depending on the routing structure into hierarchical based, flatbased, and location. Chain based hierarchical routing protocol for wireless sensor.
Chain based hierarchical routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Hierarchical routing protocols in wireless sensor networks harneet kour abstract. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy logic model for cluster head election. On hierarchical routing in wireless sensor networks. Link quality based hierarchical routing algorithm for 6lowpan introduction wireless sensor network wsn is one of the fastest growing areas in networking world today. Mostly heterogeneous networks apply hierarchical routing protocols. A survey of hierarchical routing protocols in wireless sensor networks sridhar sharma m. Routing protocol of wireless sensor network research is the key problem, according to network topology, routing protocols can be divided into flat and hierarchical routing protocol.
In monitoring the pipelines, a special class of sensor defined as linear wireless sensor networks lsns is required having its special characteristics as far as. In order to convert wsn from personal area network pan into low power personal area network lowpan, ieee standard 802. A comparative analysis of hierarchical routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. Computers and internet algorithms research clustering computers methods data security engineering research wireless sensor networks. Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks wsns intechopen. Telecommunications industry applied research communications protocols methods computer network protocols wireless sensor networks research. Performance analysis of hierarchical routing protocols in. Review of hierarchical routing protocols for wireless. Comparison study to hierarchical routing protocols in.
The wsn routing protocol can be broadly classified into. Wireless sensor networks wsns are achieving importance with the passage of time. Report by international journal of digital information and wireless communications. Routing is main challenge faced by wireless sensor network. Nature inspired computing for wireless sensor networks ebook. Atypical hierarchical routing protocols for wireless sensor. Finally, we provide a comparison of these various protocols. Mobility can be applied to the sensor nodes andor the sink node in the network. Routing algorithm problem is one of the major issues to be resolved in wireless sensor network research. This book presents nature inspired computing applications for the wireless sensor network wsn.
Many routing protocols have been developed to support the mobility of wsns. In this paper we examine some important hierarchic. The proposed model uses five descriptors to determine the opportunity. Clustering in wsn can help with reducing energy consumption because transmission energy is related to the distance between sender and receiver. Study of hierarchical routing protocols hierarchical routing in wireless sensor networks are usually divided into several clusters, each cluster consists of a cluster heads and a number of cluster membership, multiple cluster heads form the highlevel network. In section 5 comparisons of flat and hierarchical routing protocols is discussed and finally in section 6, a summary of the work with future research directions on energy efficient routing in wsns is discussed. A comprehensive survey on hierarchicalbased routing. Hierarchical clusteringtask scheduling policy in clusterbased wireless sensor networks article pdf available in ieee transactions on industrial informatics pp99. Although the use of wsn is increasing rapidly, it has a number of limitations in the context of battery issue, distraction, low communication speed, and security. Simulation results show that the new scheme efficiently mitigates the hot spot problem in wsn and achieves much improvement in network lifetime and load balance compared to the old algorithm.
Here, wide contributions that are made toward routing in wsn are explored. Pdf an energy efficient multihop hierarchical routing in. The authors describe the existing wsn applications and discuss the research efforts being undertaken in this field. Introducing mobility to wireless sensor networks wsns puts new challenges particularly in designing of routing protocols. The focus has been given to the hierarchical routing protocols which.
A lowenergy adaptive clustering hierarchy leach has been proposed as an applicationspecific protocol architecture for wsns. Based on the network topology, there are two types of routing protocols in wsns, they are namely flat routing protocols and hierarchical routing protocols. A comprehensive survey on hierarchicalbased routing protocols. Atypical hierarchical routing protocols for wireless. Comparison study to hierarchical routing protocols in wireless. This paper proposes a new protocol called hierarchical qos routing protocol hqrp that achieves scalability by organizing the network as a hierarchy of domains using the fullmesh aggregation technique.
Routing in wireless sensor networks wsns plays a significant role in the field of environmentoriented monitoring, traffic monitoring, etc. Energy efficient flat and hierarchical routing protocols in. A novel hierarchical clustering routing algorithm for. In wireless sensor networks, the energy source is limited to the capacity of the. Hierarchical clustering is a new clustering scheme in wsn. This paper presents a novel clustering scheme integrating hierarchical clustering on the basis of classical routing algorithm. Performance of strategies for hierarchical clustering routing. Akyildiz georgia institute of technology, usa mehmet can vuran university of nebraskalincoln, usa a john wiley and sons, ltd, publication.
In this section, we will emerge routing protocols in wireless sensor networks, and highlighted the limitation for each algorithm in this. In such networks, multicast is a fundamental routing service for efficient data dissemination required for activities such as code updates, task assignment and targeted queries. Clusterbased hierarchical routing protocols play an essential role in decreasing the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks wsns. Various hierarchical routing protocols in wireless sensor network. This book presents an in depth study on the recent advances in wireless sensor networks wsns. Out of massive usage of wireless sensor networks, few applications demand quick data transfer including minimum possible interruption. Wireless sensor network wireless sensor network wsn consists of a group of sensor nodes working together to sense the. Many of them introduced a multihop intercluster communication approach to extend the network lifetime. A hierarchical qos routing protocol for the wireless sensor. The routing protocol for wireless sensor networks wsns is defined as the manner of data dissemination from the network field source to the base station destination.
Several applications give importance to throughput and they have not much to do with delay. We summarize the limitations in these algorithms in table 2 in next sub section. A comparative analysis of hierarchical routing protocols in wireless sensor networks chapter pdf available january 2012 with 94 reads how we measure reads. A survey on energy efficient routing techniques in wireless sensor networks focusing on hierarchical network routing protocols zain ul abidin jaffri, sundas rauf school of communication engineering, chongqing university, china school of economics and business administration, chongqing university, china. Hierarchical key management scheme with probabilistic.
Operating systems for wireless sensor network nodes are typically less complex than generalpurpose operating systems. A survey of hierarchical routing protocols in wireless sensor. Pdf hierarchical clusteringtask scheduling policy in. Leach leach lowenergy adaptive clustering hierarchy 3 is the first hierarchical protocol of wireless sensor networks based on data fusion, plays an important role in routing protocol of wireless sensor networks, other clusterbased routing protocols such as teen, apteen, pegasis are largely evolved by the leach. Technique for hierarchical routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. Hierarchical routing protocols hrps are more energy efficient and. Included is coverage of lowcost sensor devices equipped with wireless interfaces, sensor network protocols for large scale sensor networks, data storage and compression techniques, security architectures and mechanisms, and many practical applications that relate to use in environmental, military, medical, industrial and home networks. A multihop graphbased approach for an energyefficient. Hierarchical energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks wsns consist of small nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. First, wireless sensor networks are typically deployed with a particular application in mind, rather than as a general platform. Leach based hierarchical routing protocol for monitoring of over. In wireless sensor network wsn, the routing protocols have been given attention because most of the routing protocols are application and architecture.
In this paper we examine some important hierarchical routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. Typical hierarchical routing is called clustering routing, in which the network is divided into multiple clusters. In this paper we categorize various routing protocols in wsns into three major categories namely the flat networks routing protocols, the hierarchical networks routing protocols and the qos aware routing protocols. Due to recent advancement and changes in wireless sensor network, various routing protocols have emerged. Intelligent communication and computational technologies. Recently, some types of atypical hierarchical routing arise, including chainbased, treebased, gridbased routing, and. However, without considering the distribution of the cluster heads chs in the rotation basis, the leach protocol will. A survey of four routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. An improved energyefficient routing protocol for wireless.
They more strongly resemble embedded systems, for two reasons. A comparative analysis of hierarchical routing protocols in. Oct 21, 2019 clusterbased hierarchical routing protocols play an essential role in decreasing the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks wsns. First we will discuss the energyefficient hierarchical routing protocols in brief along with their important features, objectives, drawbacks and area of application. Wireless sensor network wsn hierarchical routing protocols meet the efficient communication of a largescale network. Secure hierarchical routing protocol shrp for wireless sensor.
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